Making an answer key with clearly defined point values or a rubric gives students the ability to grade each other's work. Having all students compare work to standards you set, helps objectify the grading so as to reduce bias. Having more than one read, by you or other students, will check for consistency. I have found that the variation is rarely more than +/- 5%. Having clear points and adjusting your rubric (during or after the grading) will improve student interpretation of your objectives for future grading. With good rubrics and scoring systems, grades will be more consistent, regardless of the grader. Remind students that the world isn't perfect and that better answers would avoid "close calls". Consider awarding "half points" as a compromise or just be tough and draw a hard line. Either way, if standards are applied for all students consistently, most grading systems will be fair to your students.
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